Desired Capabilities是由客户端发送给Appium服务器端的用来告诉服务器去启动哪种我们想要的会话的一套键值对集合。当中也有一些键值对是用来在自动化的过程中修改服务器端的行为方式的。比如，我们可以把键为platformName的capability的值设置成iOS来告诉服务器我们想要开启的是一个iOS的会话，而非Anddroid的会话。或者我们可以把键为safariAllowPopups 的capability的值设置成true来确保在Safari自动化会话的过程中，我们可以使用JavaScript来弹出一个新窗口。要查看Appium支持的完整的capabilities列表，请查看或以下文档。 请注意以下列表中高亮的项，这些都是必填的项目。当中有以下几点需要注意的：                   deviceName ：我无论填写什么值，在我的HTC Incredable S机器上都可以跑通测试，但是这项又是必须要填的。我用得Appium版本是V1.2.2。         app ：如果填写了，appium会在目标机器上安装测试目标app，如果没有的话，会根据appActivity和appPackage去目标机器查找目标app         appPackage :  可以通过sdk自带工具aapt获得         appActivity:同样可以通过以上工具获得。有一点需要注意的是，值可以附加packageName，也可以不附加，也就是说以下两种填写方式都是对的“.NotesList"和”com.example.android.notepad.NotesList"          Appium server capabilities                                      Capability           Description           Values                                                 automationName           Which automation engine to use           Appium (default) or Selendroid                               platformName           Which mobile OS platform to use           iOS, Android, or FirefoxOS                               platformVersion           Mobile OS version           e.g., 7.1, 4.4                               deviceName           The kind of mobile device or emulator to use           iPhone Simulator, iPad Simulator, iPhone Retina 4-inch, Android Emulator, Galaxy S4, etc…                               app           The absolute local path or remote http URL to an .ipa or .apk file, or a .zip containing one of these. Appium will attempt to install this app binary on the appropriate device first. Note that this capability is not required for Android if you specify appPackage and appActivity capabilities (see below). Incompatible with browserName.           /abs/path/to/my.apk or http://myapp.com/app.ipa                               browserName           Name of mobile web browser to automate. Should be an empty string if automating an app instead.           ‘Safari’ for iOS and ‘Chrome’, ‘Chromium’, or ‘Browser’ for Android                               newCommandTimeout           How long (in seconds) Appium will wait for a new command from the client before assuming the client quit and ending the session           e.g. 60                               autoLaunch           Whether to have Appium install and launch the app automatically. Default true           true, false                               language           (Sim/Emu-only) Language to set for the simulator / emulator           e.g. fr                               locale           (Sim/Emu-only) Locale to set for the simulator / emulator           e.g. fr_CA                               udid           Unique device identifier of the connected physical device           e.g. 1ae203187fc012g                               orientation           (Sim/Emu-only) start in a certain orientation           LANDSCAPE or PORTRAIT                               autoWebview           Move directly into Webview context. Default false           true, false                               noReset           Don’t reset app state before this session. Default false           true, false                               fullReset           (iOS) Delete the entire simulator folder. (Android) Reset app state by uninstalling app instead of clearing app data. On Android, this will also remove the app after the session is complete. Default false           true, false                                                      ANDROID ONLY                                      Capability           Description           Values                                                 appActivity           Activity name for the Android activity you want to launch from your package           MainActivity, .Settings                               appPackage           Java package of the Android app you want to run           com.example.android.myApp, com.android.settings                               appWaitActivity           Activity name for the Android activity you want to wait for           SplashActivity                               appWaitPackage           Java package of the Android app you want to wait for           com.example.android.myApp, com.android.settings                               deviceReadyTimeout           Timeout in seconds while waiting for device to become ready           5                               androidCoverage           Fully qualified instrumentation class. Passed to -w in adb shell am instrument -e coverage true -w           com.my.Pkg/com.my.Pkg.instrumentation.MyInstrumentation                               enablePerformanceLogging           (Chrome and webview only) Enable Chromedriver’s performance logging (default false)           true, false                               androidDeviceReadyTimeout           Timeout in seconds used to wait for a device to become ready after booting           e.g., 30                               androidDeviceSocket           Devtools socket name. Needed only when tested app is a Chromium embedding browser. The socket is open by the browser and Chromedriver connects to it as a devtools client.           e.g., chrome_devtools_remote                               avd           Name of avd to launch           e.g., api19                               avdLaunchTimeout           How long to wait in milliseconds for an avd to launch and connect to ADB (default 120000)           300000                               avdReadyTimeout           How long to wait in milliseconds for an avd to finish its boot animations (default 120000)           300000                               avdArgs           Additional emulator arguments used when launching an avd           e.g., -netfast                               useKeystore           Use a custom keystore to sign apks, default false           true or false                               keystorePath           Path to custom keystore, default ~/.android/debug.keystore           e.g., /path/to.keystore                               keystorePassword           Password for custom keystore           e.g., foo                               keyAlias           Alias for key           e.g., androiddebugkey                               keyPassword           Password for key           e.g., foo                               chromedriverExecutable           The absolute local path to webdriver executable (if Chromium embedder provides its own webdriver, it should be used instead of original chromedriver bundled with Appium)           /abs/path/to/webdriver                               specialChromedriverSessionArgs           Custom arguments passed directly to chromedriver in chromeOptions capability. Passed as object which properties depend on a specific webdriver.           e.g., {'androidDeviceSocket': 'opera_beta_devtools_remote',}                               autoWebviewTimeout           Amount of time to wait for Webview context to become active, in ms. Defaults to 2000           e.g. 4                               intentAction           Intent action which will be used to start activity (default android.intent.action.MAIN)           e.g.android.intent.action.MAIN, android.intent.action.VIEW                               intentCategory           Intent category which will be used to start activity (default android.intent.category.LAUNCHER)           e.g. android.intent.category.LAUNCHER, android.intent.category.APP_CONTACTS                               intentFlags           Flags that will be used to start activity (default 0x10200000)           e.g. 0x10200000                               optionalIntentArguments           Additional intent arguments that will be used to start activity. See            e.g. --esn <EXTRA_KEY>, --ez <EXTRA_KEY> <EXTRA_BOOLEAN_VALUE>, etc.                               unicodeKeyboard           Enable Unicode input, default false           true or false                               resetKeyboard           Reset keyboard to its original state, after running Unicode tests with unicodeKeyboard capability. Ignored if used alone. Default false           true or false                                                      IOS ONLY                                      Capability           Description           Values                                                 calendarFormat           (Sim-only) Calendar format to set for the iOS Simulator           e.g. gregorian                               bundleId           Bundle ID of the app under test. Useful for starting an app on a real device or for using other caps which require the bundle ID during test startup           e.g. io.appium.TestApp                               launchTimeout           Amount of time in ms to wait for instruments before assuming it hung and failing the session           e.g. 20000                               locationServicesEnabled           (Sim-only) Force location services to be either on or off. Default is to keep current sim setting.           true orfalse                               locationServicesAuthorized           (Sim-only) Set location services to be authorized or not authorized for app via plist, so that location services alert doesn’t pop up. Default is to keep current sim setting. Note that if you use this setting you MUST also use the bundleId capability to send in your app’s bundle ID.           true orfalse                               autoAcceptAlerts           Accept iOS privacy access permission alerts (e.g., location, contacts, photos) automatically if they pop up. Default is false.           true orfalse                               nativeInstrumentsLib           Use native intruments lib (ie disable instruments-without-delay).           true orfalse                               nativeWebTap           (Sim-only) Enable “real”, non-javascript-based web taps in Safari. Default: false. Warning: depending on viewport size/ratio this might not accurately tap an element           true orfalse                               safariAllowPopups           (Sim-only) Allow javascript to open new windows in Safari. Default keeps current sim setting           true orfalse                               safariIgnoreFraudWarning           (Sim-only) Prevent Safari from showing a fraudulent website warning. Default keeps current sim setting.           true orfalse                               safariOpenLinksInBackground           (Sim-only) Whether Safari should allow links to open in new windows. Default keeps current sim setting.           true orfalse                               keepKeyChains           (Sim-only) Whether to keep keychains (Library/Keychains) when appium session is started/finished           true orfalse                               localizableStringsDir           Where to look for localizable strings. Default en.lproj           en.lproj                               processArguments           Arguments to pass to the AUT using instruments           e.g., -myflag                               interKeyDelay           The delay, in ms, between keystrokes sent to an element when typing.           e.g., 100                           以下是一个配置例子：          public void setUp() throws Exception {
    // set up appium
    File classpathRoot = new File(System.getProperty("user.dir"));
    File appDir = new File(classpathRoot, "apps");
    File app = new File(appDir, "NotePad.apk");
    DesiredCapabilities capabilities = new DesiredCapabilities();
    capabilities.setCapability("deviceName","iPad Simulator");
    //capabilities.setCapability("platformVersion", "4.2");
    capabilities.setCapability("platformName", "Android");
    capabilities.setCapability("app", app.getAbsolutePath());
    //capabilities.setCapability("appPackage", "com.example.android.notepad");
    //capabilities.setCapability("appActivity", "com.example.android.notepad.NotesList");
    //capabilities.setCapability("appActivity", ".NotesList");
    driver = new AppiumDriver(new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub"), capabilities);
}